Bowing

a note you keep playing: a bowed string or a blown tube. Both are worked out continuously, so the sound follows the hand for as long as it lasts instead of being decided at its start (BowedString, BlownTube)

Run

swift run --package-path Examples Example-Audio-Bowing

Imports

OllinAudio

Source

Examples/Audio/Bowing/Sketch.swift

import Ollin
import OllinAudio

/// A note you keep playing.
///
/// Every other instrument here is set going and then let go: a string is
/// plucked, a shape is struck, and the whole note is decided at its start. A
/// bow and a breath are not like that. They go on happening, so a note has a
/// middle, and the middle is yours.
///
/// Hold the mouse down to play. Moving it up and down is the drive: how fast
/// the bow is drawn, or how hard the tube is blown. Let go and the note stops,
/// because you stopped. Moving left and right changes the note.
///
/// Press `B` to swap the bow for a reed. Watch the ring while you play: it is
/// the sound the sketch is making, read back off its own playing.
@main
final class Bowing: Sketch {

    enum Instrument: String, ParamOption { case bowed, blown }

    @Param(icon: "hand.draw", group: "Playing") var instrument = Instrument.bowed
    @Param(0.02 ... 0.5, icon: "arrow.left.and.right", group: "Bow") var position = 0.16
    @Param(0 ... 1, icon: "arrow.down.circle", group: "Bow") var force = 0.6
    @Param(0 ... 1, icon: "mouth", group: "Reed") var embouchure = 0.45

    let synth = Synth(.cello, polyphony: 4)
    let tuning = Scale(.minorPentatonic, root: "D2")

    var playing: Pitch?
    var trail: [Double] = []
    var lastBuilt = Instrument.bowed

    override func setup() {
        synth.gain = 0.7
        synth.reverb = Reverb(.hall, mix: 0.24)
        synth.pressure = 0
        rebuild()
    }

    /// The whole difference between the two, in one call each.
    private func rebuild() {
        switch instrument {
        case .bowed:
            synth.voice = Voice(bowed: BowedString(position: position, force: force,
                                                   decay: 2.2, damping: 0.45),
                                gain: 0.75)
        case .blown:
            synth.voice = Voice(blown: BlownTube(embouchure: embouchure, breathiness: 0.14,
                                                 decay: 0.17, damping: 0.42),
                                gain: 0.62)
        }
        lastBuilt = instrument
    }

    override func draw() {
        background(Color(hex: 0x0C0E13))

        if instrument != lastBuilt { rebuild() }

        // Up the window is a faster bow or a harder breath. This is read every
        // frame while the note sounds, which is the thing an envelope cannot do.
        let wanted = mouseIsPressed ? map(mouseY, height, 0, 0, 1) : 0
        synth.pressure = clamp(wanted, 0, 1)

        if mouseIsPressed {
            let degree = Int(map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, 12))
            let pitch = tuning[degree]
            if playing != pitch {
                if playing != nil { synth.allNotesOff() }
                synth.noteOn(pitch, velocity: 0.85)
                playing = pitch
            }
        } else if playing != nil {
            synth.allNotesOff()
            playing = nil
        }

        drawInstrument()
        drawCaption("Hold to play. Up and down is the bow speed, or the breath.", edge: .top)
        drawCaption(instrument == .bowed
                    ? "A bowed string: it sounds for as long as the bow keeps moving."
                    : "A stopped tube: only the odd harmonics, which is why it is hollow.")
    }

    private func drawInstrument() {
        let middle = center
        let level = Double(synth.amplitude)
        trail.append(level)
        if trail.count > 260 { trail.removeFirst() }

        // What is actually sounding, read back off the sketch's own playing.
        noFill()
        stroke(Color(hex: 0x7FD4C1, alpha: 0.5))
        strokeWeight(2 * scale)
        let radius = (150 + level * 700) * scale
        drawCircle(middle.x, middle.y, radius)

        // The drive, as a wedge: how hard the player is leaning on it now.
        stroke(Color(hex: 0xE8A33D, alpha: 0.8))
        strokeWeight(6 * scale)
        let start: Double = -Double.pi / 2
        let sweep: Double = synth.pressure * Double.tau * 0.999
        let ring = 120 * scale
        drawArc(center: middle, radiusX: ring, radiusY: ring,
                start: start, stop: start + sweep, mode: .open)

        // The last few seconds of what came out, so a held note visibly has a
        // middle rather than only an attack.
        noFill()
        stroke(Color(hex: 0x6FA8DC, alpha: 0.75))
        strokeWeight(2 * scale)
        let frame = Rectangle(x: width * 0.12, y: height * 0.78,
                              width: width * 0.76, height: height * 0.12)
        if trail.count > 2 {
            drawPolyline(trail.enumerated().map { index, value in
                Vector2(frame.x + frame.width * Double(index) / Double(max(1, trail.count - 1)),
                        frame.y + frame.height * (1 - min(value * 5, 1)))
            })
        }

        if let playing {
            noStroke()
            fill(Color(white: 0.8))
            textSize(22 * scale)
            textAlign(.center)
            drawText("\(playing)", at: Vector2(middle.x, middle.y + 8 * scale))
        }
    }

    override func keyPressed() {
        guard key == "b" || key == "B" else { return }
        instrument = instrument == .bowed ? .blown : .bowed
    }
}